English grammar, Greenbaum S., 1996

English grammar, Greenbaum S., 1996.

Preface.

This book is addressed primarily to native speakers of English and others who use English as their first language. It is a comprehensive account of present-day English that is chiefly focused on the standard varieties of American and British English, but it also refers frequently to non-standard varieties and it draws on the history of the language to illuminate and explain features of English of today. It offers a description of the language and is not intended to prescribe or proscribe. This work is unique in its coverage for native speakers of the language. It is written to be accessible to non-specialists, but students of the English language and related subjects will also find it of interest and value. It serves as a reference work and can also be used as a textbook. Each chapter is prefaced by a Ust of contents and a summary of the chapter. You may wish to read through a whole chapter or to consult particular sections. The Glossary at the end of the book will provide you with succinct explanations of terms that are frequently used in the book.





1.4. The spread of English in second-language countries.

Of the countries where English is primarily a second language, South Africa has the largest number of people who speak English as their first language— over 1,800,000. At the time of writing there are eleven official languages: English and Afrikaans, a language related to Dutch, and nine African languages. Dutch settlements began in the Cape in 1652 and were well-established when the British arrived in 1795 and then annexed the Cape in 1814. Many of the Dutch-speaking Boers soon moved away to establish their own republics, but after two wars won by the British the Boer republics were absorbed in the Union of South Africa in 1910 as a dominion of the British Empire. In 1931 South Africa became an independent country within the British Commonwealth and in 1961 a republic outside the Commonwealth.

Contents.

List of Tables and Figures.
Pronunciation Table.
Abbreviations and Symbols.
Explanations of Corpora Citations.
1 The English Language.
2 The Scope and Nature of Grammar.
3 An Outline of Grammar.
4 Word Classes.
5 The Grammar of Phrases.
6 Sentences and Clauses.
7 Text.
8 Words and their Meanings.
9 The Formation of Words.
10 Sounds and Tunes.
11 Punctuation.
12 Spelling.
Notes.
Appendix: Sources of Citations in ICE-GB.
Glossary.
Index.



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