A practical english grammar, Thomson A.J., Martinet A.V., 1990

A practical english grammar, Thomson A.J., Martinet A.V., 1990.

Preface to the fourth edition.

A Practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful. The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on conversational forms.





2. Nouns.
10. Kinds and function.

A. There are four kinds of noun in English:
Common nouns: dog, man, table
Proper nouns: France, Madrid, Mrs Smith, Tom
Abstract nouns: beauty, charity, courage, fear, joy
Collective nouns: crowd, flock, group, swarm, team

В. A noun can function as:
The subject of a verb: Tom arrived.
The complement of the verbs be, become, seem: Тот is an actor.
The object of a verb: I saw Tom.
The object of a preposition: I spoke to Tom.
A noun can also be in the possessive case: Tom's books.

Contents.

References are to sections, unless otherwise stated.
1. Articles and one, a little/ a few, this, that.
2. Nouns.
3. Adjectives.
4. Adverbs.
5. all, each, every, both, neither, either, some, any, no, none.
6. Interrogatives: wh-? words and how?
7. Possessives, personal and reflexive pronouns: my, mine, I, myself etc.
8. Relative pronouns and clauses.
9. Prepositions.
10. Introduction to verbs.
11. be, have, do.
12. may and can for permission and possibility.
13. can and be able for ability.
14. ought, should, must, have to, need for obligation.
15. must, have, will and should for deduction and assumption.
16. The auxiliaries dare and used.
17. The present tenses.
18. The past and perfect tenses.
19. The future.
20. The sequence of tenses.
21. The conditional.
22. Other uses of will/would, shall/should.
23. The infinitive.
24. The gerund.
25. Infinitive and gerund constructions.
26. The participles.
27. Commands, requests, invitations, advice, suggestions.
28. The subjunctive.
29. care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish.
30. The passive voice.
31. Indirect speech.
32. Conjunctions.
33. Purpose.
34. Clauses of reason, result, concession, comparison, time.
35. Noun clauses.
36. Numerals, dates, and weights and measures.
37. Spelling rules.
38. Phrasal verbs.
39. List of irregular verbs.
Index.



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