Essentials of Mastering English, A Concise Grammar, Bache C., 2000

Essentials of Mastering English, A Concise Grammar, Bache C., 2000.

   This grammar covers much the same ground as its predecessor, Mastering English: an Advanced Grammar for Non-native and Native Students by Niels Davidsen-Nielsen and myself, but it is aimed specifically at undergraduate students of English (native and non-native) at universities, business schools and teachers' training colleges. It is correspondingly less detailed, and difficult topics have been made more easily accessible. Readers of Essentials of Mastering English who are interested in more detailed discussions and in references to the works on which they are based should consult Mastering English.




The form and function distinction.
To be able to read and use grammatical descriptions, e.g. for teaching purposes or for improving one's language proficiency, it is important to know the special terms used by grammarians for describing language. In this and the following sections, we shall examine some useful terminology.

To analyse sentences we must first of all distinguish between the form and the function of constituents. The terms 'form' and 'function' are here used in a somewhat technical sense: the form of a constituent corresponds to the make-up, or composition, of the constituent whereas the function corresponds to the way the constituent is used in relation to other constituents. This distinction is relevant not only in grammar but far more generally. Thus, there are two different but equally valid ways of describing, say, a pen. One would be to list its physical aspects (size, weight, shape, material, colour) - i.e. aspects of its 'form'.

Contents.
Part I.
1. Grammatical description: getting started.
2. Sentence functions.
3. Complex forms.
4. Clause types and utterance functions.
5. Missing constituents, ellipsis and pro-forms.
6. Vocatives, interjections and dislocation.
Part II.
7. Constituent Order.
8. Situations and participants.
9. Voice: active versus passive.
10. Polarity.
11. Subject-predicator concord.
12. The complex sentence.
Part III.
13. Verbals.
14. Nominals.
15. Pronominals.
16. Adjectivals and adverbals.
Appendix: tips on pronunciation and spelling.
Appendix: tips on pronunciation and spelling.
A.1. Verbs.
A.2. Nouns.
A.2.1. The regular singular/plural distinction.
A.2.2. Irregular plurals.
A.3. Adjectives: comparison.
A.4. Adverbs.
Select bibliography.
Glossary.
Subject index.
Word index.



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