Professional English in Use, Finance, MacKenzie I.

Professional English in Use, Finance, MacKenzie I.
      
Фрагмент из книги:
The money used in a country - euros, dollars, yen, etc. - is its currency. Money in notes (banknotes) and coins is called cash. Most money, however, consists of bank deposits: money that people and organizations have in hank accounts. Most of this is on paper - existing in theory only - and only about ten per cent of it exists in the form of cash in the bank.




Capital.
When people want to set up or start a company, they need money, called capital. Companies can borrow this money, called a loan, from banks. The loan must be paid back with interest; the amount paid to borrow the money. Capital can also come from issuing shares or equities — certificates representing units of ownership of a company. (See Unit 29) The people who invest money in shares are called shareholders and they own part of the company. The money they provide is known as share capital. Individuals and financial institutions, called investors, can also lend money to companies by buying bonds - loans that pay interest and are repaid at a fixed future date.

Money that is owed - that will have to be paid - to other people or businesses is a debt. In accounting, companies' debts are usually called liabilities. Long-term liabilities include bonds; short term liabilities include debts to suppliers who provide goods or services on credit - that will be paid for later.

Contents.
INTRODUCTION.
BASIC TERMS.
1 Money and income.
2 Business finance.
ACCOUNTING.
3 Accounting and accountancy.
4 Bookkeeping.
5 Company law 1.
6 Company law 2.
7 Accounting policies and standards.
8 Accounting assumptions and principles.
9 Depreciation and amortization.
10 Auditing.
11 The balance sheet 1.
12 The balance sheet 2: assets.
13 The balance sheet 3: liabilities.
14 The other financial statements.
15 Financial ratios 1.
16 Financial ratios 2.
17 Cost accounting.
18 Pricing.
BANKING.
19 Personal banking.
20 Commercial and retail banking.
21 Financial institutions.
22 Investment banking.
23 Central banking.
24 Interest rates.
25 Money markets.
26 Islamic banking.
27 Money supply and control.
CORPORATE FINANCE.
28 Venture capital.
29 Stocks and shares 1.
30 Stocks and shares 2.
31 Shareholders.
32 Share prices.
33 Bonds.
34 Futures.
35 Derivatives.
36 Asset management.
37 Hedge funds and structured products.
38 Describing charts and graphs.
39 Mergers and takeovers.
40 Leveraged buyouts.
41 Financial planning.
42 Financial regulation and supervision.
ECONOMICS AND TRADE.
43 International trade.
44 Exchange rates.
45 Financing international trade.
46 Incoterms.
47 Insurance.
48 The business cycle.
49 Taxation.
50 Business plans.
Language reference.
Answer key.
Index.
Acknowledgements.



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