Grammar Difficulties of English Economic Texts, Подчасов А.С., Николаева Н.Е., Калугина Ю.Е., 2020

Grammar Difficulties of English Economic Texts, Подчасов А.С., Николаева Н.Е., Калугина Ю.Е., 2020.

  Пособие предназначено для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов над формированием и закреплением навыков понимания и перевода специальной экономической литературы. Цель пособия - выработать устойчивый навык узнавания и понимания изучаемых грамматических структур и подбора их эквивалентов на родном языке.
Материалом для пособия послужили аутентичные англоязычные научные и научно-популярные тексты экономической тематики.




GERUNDIAL CONSTRUCTION.
Model.
We look forward to much attention being given to this question.
Мы рассчитываем на то, что этому вопросу будет уделено большое внимание.

1. Jobs and living standards depend on the industrial capacity of the nation being used to the full.
2. A new firm can’t enter the market without its goods being distinguished from others by means of an original trademark.
3. The stockholder doesn’t mind the investment interest being sent to his account in the bank.
4. The difference in the results obtained appears to be due to the equipment depreciation having been calculated by different methods.
5. With consumer prices in the euro area only 1% higher than they were a year ago, there is little risk of currency depreciation causing a dangerous surge in inflation.
6. Foreign exchange analysts, despite all the talk about the United States reasserting its leading role as a bastion of free enterprise, remain extremely skeptical that the dollar’s strength can be sustained without the support of high interest rates.
7. While WTO accession would normally lead to the United States lifting Jackson-Vanik from Russia- otherwise, Washington would be in violation of the trade organization - the aide indicated that it was not certain that that would happen in this case.

CONTENTS.
I. ‘TO BE + OF’ + NOUN.
II. ‘IN NEED OF’ + NOUN.
III. NOUN CHAINS.
IV. ‘THAT’, ‘THOSE’.
a) ‘that’: substitute word.
b) ‘those’: substitute word.
c) ‘that is (to say)’: connector (namely, i.e., in other words).
d) ‘so that’: conjunction (in order that, having the effect of), introducing clauses of purpose and consequence.
V. ‘ONE’, ‘IT’.
a) ‘one’: indefinite personal pronoun.
b) ‘one’: substitute word.
c) ‘it’: formal subject.
d) ‘it’: formal object.
VI. ‘DO’.
a) ‘do’: substitute verb.
b) emphatic ‘do’.
VII. ‘BE’.
a) ‘be to’: modal verb.
b) ‘if.is/are to’, ‘if. was/were to’.
VIII. PASSIVE VOICE.
IX. PARTICIPLE AND PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION.
a) participle I: attribute.
b) participle II: attribute.
c) participle I: adverbial modifier.
d) participle II: adverbial modifier.
e) 'following’: introducing constructions or clauses.
f) 'provided’: introducing constructions or clauses.
g) ‘given’: introducing constructions or clauses.
h) absolute participial construction in post-position.
i) absolute participial construction in pre-position.
X. INFINITIVE AND INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS.
a) infinitive: attribute.
b) infinitive: adverbial modifier.
c) infinitive construction: complex object.
d) infinitive construction: complex subject.
e) infinitive construction: for + noun (pronoun) + infinitive’.
XI. GERUND AND GERUNDIAL CONSTRUCTION.
a) gerund.
b) gerundial construction.
XII. DETACHED ADVERBIAL MODIFIER with preposition ‘WITH’.
XIII. ‘SINCE’/ ‘FOR’/ ‘AS’/ ‘ONCE’ IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES.
a) ‘since’: reason.
b) ‘for’: reason.
c) ‘as’: reason.
d) ‘as’: time.
e) ‘once’: time.
XIV. ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTIONS.
XV. INVERSION.
XVI. SUBJUNCTIVE.
a) Subjunctive: ‘should sb/sth closth’.
b) Subjunctive after ‘it is advisable’, ‘it is necessary’, ‘it is recommended’, ‘it is crucial’, ‘it is essential’, ‘it is required’, ‘it is important’, ‘it is desirable’.



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